Structure and Function of Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Alkaline electrolysis is a method for generating hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolytic decomposition of water. Alkaline electrolysis is known for its robustness and cost-effective hydrogen production, especially when combined with renewable energy sources. This makes it a key technology for sustainable energy production and storage. Here's a simplified explanation of how this process works:
1. Electrolysis Cell
The heart of alkaline electrolysis is the electrolytic cell, which consists of two electrodes—an anode (positive electrode) and a cathode (negative electrode)—immersed in an alkaline solution, usually a diluted potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.
2. Alkaline Solution
The alkaline solution acts as an electrolyte, conducting the electrical current between the electrodes. The alkaline environment helps facilitate electrode reactions and increase electrolysis efficiency.
3. Power Supply:
When an electrical current is passed through the electrolysis cell, chemical reactions occur at the electrodes. The current splits water molecules (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen gas (O2).
4. Reactions at the Electrodes:
- At the Anode (oxidizing electrode): Water is oxidized, producing oxygen gas and hydrogen ions (H+).
- At the Cathode (reducing electrode): Hydrogen ions (H+) are reduced to form hydrogen gas.
5. Gas Separation:
The resulting gases, hydrogen and oxygen, rise to separate areas of the cell and can then be collected and utilized.